The merchandise on sale during a season was ordered long before anyone knew how the season would go. Manufacturing lead times force commitments that results then validate or destroy.
The lead times are long
Apparel production runs from fabric sourcing through cutting, sewing, decoration and shipping, and most of that happens far from the market where it is sold.
Ocean freight adds weeks on top, which is why buyers place orders seasons ahead rather than reacting to demand.
Air freight can compress the timeline, and it costs enough that it is reserved for products that will certainly sell.
Buying is a forecast about people
A large share of apparel demand attaches to individual players, and that demand shifts with performance, injury and roster movement.
Buyers therefore forecast not just volume but which names will be wanted, months before those names are on a roster sheet.
Getting it wrong produces the two failure modes retail always has: empty racks for the player people want, and full racks of a player who left.
Late decoration is the hedge
Holding blank stock and applying names and numbers close to sale converts a name-level forecast into a volume-level one.
In-store and near-store customization takes this further, letting a retailer stock only blanks and produce the specific item on demand.
The trade is unit cost and speed. On-demand decoration costs more per item and cannot supply a rush the way a pre-made stack can.
Championship stock is prepared both ways
Products celebrating a title have to be available immediately, so decorated goods are produced for both possible outcomes before the result is known.
The losing side's inventory is never sold and is destroyed or donated under the terms of the license, which is a known cost of the practice.
That cost is accepted because the sales window after a championship is short, and stock arriving a week later misses most of it.
Why markdowns are structural
Seasonal designs date quickly, and a jersey tied to a specific year cannot be carried forward the way a plain garment can.
Roster turnover strands inventory continuously, and the older the stock the less likely it is to sell at full price.
Clearance is therefore planned in from the start, and the margin on the goods that do sell has to carry the goods that never will.

